Theory of evolution > Big bang theory > Black holes
It is theorized that when a very large star has burned through most of its mass, it sometimes collapses on itself. And, after this collapse, the gravity of this star is many times more that what it was when it had all its mass.
Note: Gravity is directly proportional to mass. If mass increases, gravity increases. If mass decreases, gravity decreases.
Therefore this theory is clearly false. When the star had the maximum amount of mass, it did not have enough gravity to form a black hole. Losing most of its mass would lead to a proportional loss of gravity. The collapse does not add any mass to the star. Therefore stars cannot turn into black holes through natural means.
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Theory of evolution > one type of animal evolving into another ( monkey to human )
Theory states that living organisms on rare occasions have a mutation. Such mutations have always been found to be harmful to the organism. But, it is imagined that there must be a mutation among a million that is beneficial. Next the theory imagines that these ultra rare beneficial mutations are experienced by the descendants of organisms that also had these ultra rare beneficial mutations. Further it is imagined that this situation keep on happening against all odds, until an organism has completely changed into another type of fully functional organism. And while this impossible genealogy was being formed, there just happened to be other genealogies going through the exact same mutation, enabling them to keep reproducing. Furthermore, these multiple impossible genealogies were living in close enough proximity to each other to reproduce.
Fallacy 1: If one in a million mutations is beneficial, then that means 999,999 harmful mutations occurred. So, if one looks to a slightly malformed skeleton to support this theory, they must show 999,999 harmful mutations for each beneficial mutation they show. If not, this theory falls apart.
Fallacy 2: Since mutations are rare, and a beneficial mutation is rare among mutations. It is unlikely that an organism that had a beneficial mutation would have another beneficial mutation in their descendants. It is much more likely their descendants will not have any mutations or even have a harmful mutation, which may cancel out the beneficial mutation. This theory is decimated by the science of probability.
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Greek / Roman / Indian gods
It is believed by many that there existed a race of immortals who pre-date humans in this world. Furthermore this race of immortals is able and willing to reproduce, and has made mortal humans aware of their existence, which has led mortal humans to offer much-deserved worship to beings of this immortal race.
Fallacy 1: If the beings of this race do not die, and predate humans, and are able and willing to reproduce, then, they should outnumber the human beings on earth today, and not by a little. There are over six billion humans on earth at this time. Therefore, there should be more than a few trillion of these immortal beings in existence today, and they should be multiplying at far greater pace. Perhaps billions more each year. There is no evidence of such.
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Theory of Reincarnation
It is believed by many that once a human dies, they are usually re-born as an animal or insect. The reason for a human being re-born as an animal or insect is so that the human suffers for their mis-deeds as a human in past life, and learn to not make those mistakes again.
Fallacy 1: Unless past lives and their mistakes are clearly remembered, the punishment does not help the human get better. For, if they do not know what they are suffering for, they are just as likely to make the same mistake again. Humans going through such a system would be stuck in an infinite loop.
Fallacy 2: Based on much observation, it is clear that animals and insects do not have the same mental and emotional awareness as humans. If they did, one would be able to train a cat as far as a human can be trained. We should have cat and dog software engineers, pilots, cooks, race car drivers, …